Elementarwellen                                                                    Erklärung zur Grund-Gleichung (deutsch)        Forum (deutsche Kurz-Hilfe)        Umrechner        LM Isotopen-Tabelle ausblenden        alle Isotope des PSE gleichzeitig anzeigen zurück zur PSE-Tabelle Periodensystem der Elemente (Quelle: größtenteils www.lenntech.de) Gallium    Ga    Kernladungszahl Z=31 (p=31)   Ga(n+p) n Schwere Isotop Schwere Kern Häufig- keit Spin/ Parität Stabilität Halbwerts- zeit [s] Zerfalls- arten Zerfalls- energie [eV] Defekt- energie [eV] Bindungs- energie [eV] Wirkungsquer- schnitt [barn]   1. Ga69 38  68.9255744  68.90856842  60.10770106%  3/2−     stabil      -69.327E6  601.996E6  1.75#σ(n.γ)  2. Ga71 40  70.9247014  70.90769542  39.89229894%  3/2−     stabil      -70.1402E6  618.951E6  4.61#σ(n.γ)  3. Ga68 37  67.92798011  67.91097413    1+  radioakt.  67.629min  K/β+=100  2.921E6  -67.0861E6  591.683E6    4. Ga67 36  66.92820244  66.91119646    3/2−  radioakt.  3.2612d  K=100  1.001E6  -66.879E6  583.405E6    5. Ga66 35  65.93158904  65.91458306    0+  radioakt.  9.49h  K/β+=100  5.175E6  -63.7244E6  572.179E6    6. Ga65 34  64.93273473  64.91572875    3/2−  radioakt.  15.2min  K/β+=100  3.254E6  -62.6572E6  563.041E6    7. Ga64 33  63.9368391  63.91983312    0+  radioakt.  2.627min  K/β+=100  7.169E6  -58.834E6  551.146E6    8. Ga63 32  62.93929419  62.92228821    3/2−  radioakt.  32.4  K/β+=100  5.666E6  -56.5471E6  540.788 E6    9. Ga62 31  61.9441757  61.92716972    0+  radioakt.  116.12E-3  K/β+=100  9.171E6  -52E6  528.169E6    10. Ga61 30  60.94944627  60.93244029    3/2−  radioakt.  0.168  K/β+=100  9.0E6  -47.0905E6  515.189E6    11. Ga60 29  59.95706038  59.9400544    2+  radioakt.  70E-3  K=98.38; β+p=1.6; β+α=>0  14.19E6(K/β+); 9.07E6(Kp); 9.07E6(Kα)  -39.998E6  500.025E6    12. Ga70 39  69.92602196  69.90901599    1+  radioakt.  1268.4s  β−=99.59; K=0.41  1.656E6(β−); 0.655E6(K)  -68.9101E6  609.65    13. Ga72 41  71.92636625  71.90936027    3−  radioakt.  14.10h  ß-=100  3.997E6  -68.5894E6  625.472E6    14. Ga72+1 41  71.92636625  71.90936027    0+  radioakt.  39.68E-3   IT=100  0.120E6  -68.5894E6  625.472E6    15. Ga73 42  72.92517472  72.90816874    3/2−  radioakt.  4.86h  ß-=100  1.598E6  -69.6993E6  634.653E6    16. Ga74 43  73.92694575  73.90993977    3−  radioakt.  8.12min  ß-=100  5.373E6  -68.0496E6  641.075E6    17. Ga74+1 43  73.92694575  73.90993977    0  radioakt.  9.5  IT>50; β−<50   0.06E6(IT); 5.43E6(β−)  -68.0496E6  641.075E6    18. Ga75 44  74.92650023  74.90949425    3/2−  radioakt.  126  ß-=100  3.392E6  -68.4646E6  649.561E6    19. Ga76 45  75.92882767  75.91182169    3+  radioakt.  32.6  ß-=100  6.916E6  -66.2966E6  655.464E6    20. Ga77 46  76.92915435  76.91214837    3/2−  radioakt.  13.2  ß-=100  5.222E6  -65.9923E6  663.231E6    21. Ga78 47  77.93160815  77.91460217    3+  radioakt.  5.09  ß-=100  8.156E6  -63.7066E6  669.017E6    22. Ga79 48  78.93289329  78.91588731    3/2−  radioakt.  2.847  β−=99.91; β−n=0.09  6.979E6(β−); 1.281E6(β−n)  -62.5095E6  675.891E6    23. Ga80 49  79.93651575  79.91950977    3+  radioakt.  1.697  β−=99.14; β−n=0.86  10.38E6(β−); 2.282E6(β−n)  -59.1352E6  680.588E6    24. Ga81 50  80.93775269  80.92074671    5/2−  radioakt.  1.217  β−=88.1; β−n=11.9  8.32E6(β−); 3.461E6(β−n)  -57.983E6  687.507E6    25. Ga82 51  81.94299051  81.92598453    3+  radioakt.  0.599  β−=80.2; β−n=19.8  12.52E6(β−); 5.128E6(β−n)  -53.104E6  690.7E6    26. Ga83 52  82.9469798  82.92997382    3/2−  radioakt.  308E-3  β−=63; β−n=37  11.513E6(β−); 8.165E6(β−n)  -49.388E6  695.055E6    27. Ga84 53  83.95265026  83.93564428    n±  radioakt.  85E-3  β−=30; β−n=70  14.14E6(β−); 8.724E6(β−n)  -44.106E6  697.844E6    28. Ga85 54  84.95700026  84.93999428    3/2−  radioakt.  <150E-9  ß-=>0; β−n=>0  13.013E6(ß-); 10.121E6(ß-n)  -40.054E6  701.864E6    29. Ga86 55  85.96312054  85.94611456    n±  radioakt.  <150E-9  ß-=>0; β−n=>0  15.491E6(ß-); 10.643E6(ß-n)  -34.353E6  704.234E6    Isotopen-Tabelle ausblenden zurück zur PSE-Tabelle   PSE-Tabelle einblenden Please Select Elements   all   nothing Z=1 Wasserstoff H Z=2 Helium He Z=3 Lithium Li Z=4 Beryllium Be Z=5 Bor B Z=6 Kohlenstoff C Z=7 Stickstoff N Z=8 Sauerstoff O Z=9 Fluor F Z=10 Neon Ne Z=11 Natrium Na Z=12 Magnesium Mg Z=13 Aluminium Al Z=14 Silizium Si Z=15 Phosphor P Z=16 Schwefel S Z=17 Chlor Cl Z=18 Argon Ar Z=19 Kalium K Z=20 Calcium Ca Z=21 Scandium Sc Z=22 Titan Ti Z=23 Vanadium V Z=24 Chrom Cr Z=25 Mangan Mn Z=26 Eisen Fe Z=27 Kobalt Co Z=28 Nickel Ni Z=29 Kupfer Cu Z=30 Zink Zn Z=31 Gallium Ga Z=32 Germanium Ge Z=33 Arsen As Z=34 Selen Se Z=35 Brom Br Z=36 Krypton Kr Z=37 Rubidium Rb Z=38 Strontium Sr Z=39 Yttrium Y Z=40 Zirkon Zr Z=41 Niob Nb Z=42 Molybdän Mo Z=43 Technetium Tc Z=44 Ruthenium Ru Z=45 Rohdium Rh Z=46 Palladium Pd Z=47 Silber Ag Z=48 Cadmium Cd Z=49 Indium In Z=50 Zinn Sn Z=51 Antimon Sb Z=52 Tellur Te Z=53 Jod J Z=54 Xenon Xe Z=55 Cäsium Cs Z=56 Barium Ba Z=57 Lanthan La Z=58 Cer Ce Z=59 Praseodym Pr Z=60 Neodym Nd Z=61 Promethium Pm Z=62 Samarium Sm Z=63 Europium Eu Z=64 Gadolinium Gd Z=65 Terbium Tb Z=66 Dysprosium Dy Z=67 Holmium Ho Z=68 Erbium Er Z=69 Thulium Tm Z=70 Ytterbium Yb Z=71 Lutetium Lu Z=72 Hafnium Hf Z=73 Tantal Ta Z=74 Wolfram W Z=75 Rhenium Re Z=76 Osmium Os Z=77 Iridium Ir Z=78 Platin Pt Z=79 Gold Au Z=80 Quecksilber Hg Z=81 Thallium Tl Z=82 Blei Pb Z=83 Wismut Bi Z=84 Polonium Po Z=85 Astatin At Z=86 Radon Rn Z=87 Francium Fr Z=88 Radium Ra Z=89 Actinium Ac Z=90 Thorium Th Z=91 Protactinium Pa Z=92 Uran U Z=93 Neptunium Np Z=94 Plutonium Pu Z=95 Americium Am Z=96 Curium Cm Z=97 Berkelium Bk Z=98 Californium Cf Z=99 Einsteinium Es Z=100 Fermium Fm Z=101 Mendelevium Md Z=102 Nobelium No Z=103 Lawrencium Lr Z=104 Rutherfordium Rf Z=105 Dubnium Db Z=106 Seaborgium Sg Z=107 Bohrium Bh Z=108 Hassium Hs Z=109 Meitnerium Mt Z=110 Darmstadtium Ds Z=111 Roentgenium Rg Z=112 Copernicium Cn Z=113 Ununtrium Uut Z=114 Flerovium Fl Z=115 Ununpentium Uup Z=116 Livermorium Lv Z=117 Ununseptium Uus Z=118 Ununoctium Uuo name off Actual Settings START***1x*x2024-06-09_19:03:11***2x*x17***3x*x57***4x*x-12_6_0_0_0***5x*x118L***6x*xL_2_0_0***7x*x299792458***8x*x2.4263102389E-12***9x*x2***10x*x6.2831853071795864769***11x*x1_2_3_4_5_6_7_8_9_10_11_12_13_14_15_16_17_18_19_20_21_22_23_24_25_26_27_28_29_30_31_32_33_34_35_36_37_38_39_40_41_42_43_44_45_46_47_48_49_50_51_52_53_54_55_56_57_58_59_60_61_62_63_64_65_66_67_68_69_70_71_72_73_74_75_76_77_78_79_80_81_82_83_84_85_86_87_88_89_90_91_92_93_94_95_96_97_98_99_100_101_102_103_104_105_106_107_108_109_110_111_112_113_114_115_116_117_118***12x*x3***13x*x7_5_100_100_100***14x*x0_0_0_1_1_2_2_2***END      (SAVE settings with Ctrg-C as txt (Notepad)   or   SAVE as browser-Link ) Search for potenz N and factor2 in selected elements Z, for given result with the multiplikation L*factor2                      L = Z * Cx * Basis^N * Factor                    N = log(L/(Factor*Z*Cx)) / log(Basis) and f=c/L and T=L/c with c= m/s and Comptonwavelength Cx [m]:   Ce= 2.4263102389E-12 Cp= 1.32140985623E-15  Cn= 1.3195909068E-15  Plk= 1.616199E-35  orb_Mercur= 57.91E9 Cx m    Basis   Factor   Basis B with e= 2.7182818284590  phi= 1.618034  or 2 ,   Factor with pi= 3.141592   2pi= 6.283185  g= 0.61803398874989  or 18 show  digits                  Select Units L Length   Lj   pc   AE   earthR   km   m   dm   cm   mm   µm   nm   A~   pm   fm f  Frequency   THz   GHz   MHz   kHz   Hz   mHz   µHz T Time   j   d   h   min   s   ms   µs   ns   ps V Volume =L^3   km^3   m^3   hL=100L   dL=10L   dm^3=L   10ml=cL   cm^3=mL   mm^3=µL m Mass =V*dens.   Mt   kt   t   kg   g   mg   µg   ng   pg   fg        (Reset with deleting the number)      Reset 3 Factor-Search (Example1)      (Example2) 1 Listing - Modus     2 Searching - Modus     3 Factor-Search     4 Basis(+Factor)-Search     5 Basis(+Factor)-Harmonics-Search Value for Searching: pm      Length search factor2 (integer) with lattice constants: 118L or 118R By using this code as text you call the physical lattice constants and atomic radii from the database, for many Z. If you use the value Factor additional, you can find rational numbers between L and Lattice(Z): 0.333333*ResultF = 1/3*ResultF or Factor=0.5 with Basis>2 error L maximal   0.1% 0.5% 1% 2% 5% all            to top Results (search for N and factor2 with lattice constants(Z) )      with Ce      Attention ! Factor 6.2831853071795864769 to L and to T, invers to f B F error L[%]   Z N [1pm=1.0E-12m] Factor2 [1MHz=1.0E6Hz] 2 6.283 err=-0.143 Be Z=4 (1.91) N=-2 L=15.2449568 pm *15.0213610=229pm hcp f=19665025035710.58203 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.25 Be Z=4 (1.91) N=6 L=3902.7089520 pm /17.0423972=229pm hcp f=76816504045.74446 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.49 B Z=5 (2.73) N=7 L=9756.7723800 pm /19.2821589=506pm c-op f=30726601618.29778 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.64 Mg Z=12 (0.81) N=4 L=2927.0317140 pm /9.1469741=320pm hex f=102422005394.32594 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.64 Mg Z=12 (0.81) N=5 L=5854.0634280 pm /18.2939482=320pm hex f=51211002697.16297 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.93 Al Z=13 (1.03) N=1 L=396.3688779 pm *1.0192526=404pm a-fcc f=756347116758.09924 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.77 Si Z=14 (1.35) N=-3 L=26.6786745 pm *20.3533350=543pm dia f=11237157163263.18945 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.77 Si Z=14 (1.35) N=-2 L=53.3573490 pm *10.1766675=543pm dia f=5618578581631.59473 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.77 Si Z=14 (1.35) N=-1 L=106.7146979 pm *5.0883338=543pm dia f=2809289290815.79736 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.523 Ti Z=22 (-0.19) N=-4 L=20.9618157 pm *14.0732084=295pm bcc f=14301836389607.69922 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.523 Ti Z=22 (-0.19) N=-3 L=41.9236313 pm *7.0366042=295pm bcc f=7150918194803.84961 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.06 Ti Z=22 (-0.19) N=3 L=2683.1124045 pm /9.0952963=295pm bcc f=111733096793.81015 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.06 Ti Z=22 (-0.19) N=4 L=5366.2248090 pm /18.1905926=295pm bcc f=55866548396.90508 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.29 Cr Z=24 (-0.34) N=2 L=1463.5158570 pm /5.0640687=289pm bcc f=204844010788.65189 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.29 Cr Z=24 (-0.34) N=3 L=2927.0317140 pm /10.1281374=289pm bcc f=102422005394.32594 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.29 Cr Z=24 (-0.34) N=4 L=5854.0634280 pm /20.2562748=289pm bcc f=51211002697.16297 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.794 Fe Z=26 (-0.47) N=3 L=3170.9510235 pm /11.0872413=286pm bcc f=94543389594.76241 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.917 Co Z=27 (-0.71) N=3 L=3292.9106782 pm /13.1191660=251pm fcc f=91041782572.73418 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.5 Ni Z=28 (-0.28) N=-4 L=26.6786745 pm *13.1940588=352pm fcc f=11237157163263.18945 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.87 Zn Z=30 (0.11) N=-4 L=28.5842941 pm *17.3172022=495pm c-hcp f=10488013352378.97852 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.29 As Z=33 (-0.28) N=-4 L=31.4427235 pm *13.1667984=414pm r f=9534557593071.79688 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.368 Rb Z=37 (-0.01) N=0 L=564.0634032 pm /1.0036715=562pm bcc f=531487163127.31305 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.47 Sr Z=38 (0.07) N=4 L=9268.9337610 pm /15.2199241=609pm bcc f=32343791177.15557 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.69 Zr Z=40 (-0.92) N=3 L=4878.3861900 pm /15.1033628=323pm bcc f=61453203236.59556 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.02 Nb Z=41 (-0.92) N=3 L=5000.3458447 pm /15.1525632=330pm bcc f=59954344621.06885 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.64 Mo Z=42 (-1.02) N=-1 L=320.1440937 pm /1.0163305=315pm bcc f=936429763605.26562 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.736 Tc Z=43 (-1.26) N=3 L=5244.2651542 pm /19.1396538=274pm hcp f=57165770452.64704 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.86 Ru Z=44 (-0.65) N=-5 L=20.9618157 pm *20.3703728=427pm c-hcp f=14301836389607.69922 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.86 Ru Z=44 (-0.65) N=-4 L=41.9236313 pm *10.1851864=427pm c-hcp f=7150918194803.84961 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.86 Ru Z=44 (-0.65) N=-3 L=83.8472626 pm *5.0925932=427pm c-hcp f=3575459097401.92480 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.24 Ag Z=47 (-0.81) N=-5 L=22.3910304 pm *18.2215822=408pm fcc f=13388953215802.94922 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.24 Ag Z=47 (-0.81) N=-4 L=44.7820607 pm *9.1107911=408pm fcc f=6694476607901.47461 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.352 Ag Z=47 (-0.81) N=2 L=2866.0518866 pm /7.0246370=408pm fcc f=104601196998.46054 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.352 Ag Z=47 (-0.81) N=3 L=5732.1037732 pm /14.0492740=408pm fcc f=52300598499.23027 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.152 In Z=49 (-0.70) N=3 L=5976.0230827 pm /13.0196581=459pm a-tp f=50165880193.13924 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.811 In Z=49 (-0.60) N=1 L=1494.0057707 pm /3.0243032=494pm c-tp f=200663520772.55695 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.811 In Z=49 (-0.60) N=2 L=2988.0115414 pm /6.0486064=494pm c-tp f=100331760386.27847 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.811 In Z=49 (-0.60) N=3 L=5976.0230827 pm /12.0972127=494pm c-tp f=50165880193.13924 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.81 Sn Z=50 (-0.39) N=-4 L=47.6404901 pm *12.2164990=582pm tp f=6292808011427.38574 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.81 Sn Z=50 (-0.39) N=-3 L=95.2809803 pm *6.1082495=582pm tp f=3146404005713.69287 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.81 Sn Z=50 (-0.39) N=-2 L=190.5619605 pm *3.0541247=582pm tp f=1573202002856.84644 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.927 Sn Z=50 (-1.26) N=3 L=6097.9827375 pm /19.1760463=318pm dia f=49162562589.27645 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.8 Te Z=52 (-0.83) N=2 L=3170.9510235 pm /7.1257326=445pm a-r f=94543389594.76241 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.8 Te Z=52 (-0.83) N=3 L=6341.9020470 pm /14.2514653=445pm a-r f=47271694797.38120 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.9 Cs Z=55 (-1.65) N=-6 L=13.1011348 pm *20.3799140=267pm bcc f=22882938223372.31250 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.9 Cs Z=55 (-1.65) N=-5 L=26.2022696 pm *10.1899570=267pm bcc f=11441469111686.15625 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.9 Cs Z=55 (-1.65) N=-4 L=52.4045392 pm *5.0949785=267pm bcc f=5720734555843.07812 MHz 2 6.283 err=-0.534 Os Z=76 (-2.09) N=-6 L=18.1033863 pm *15.0800517=273pm a-hcp f=16560021082703.65039 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.12 Pt Z=78 (-1.60) N=0 L=1189.1066338 pm /3.0334353=392pm fcc f=252115705586.03308 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.12 Pt Z=78 (-1.60) N=1 L=2378.2132676 pm /6.0668706=392pm fcc f=126057852793.01654 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.12 Pt Z=78 (-1.60) N=2 L=4756.4265352 pm /12.1337412=392pm fcc f=63028926396.50827 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.64 Hg Z=80 (-2.02) N=-2 L=304.8991369 pm /1.0163305=300pm c-r f=983251251785.52893 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.02 Pb Z=82 (-1.34) N=1 L=2500.1729224 pm /5.0508544=495pm fcc f=119908689242.13770 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.02 Pb Z=82 (-1.34) N=2 L=5000.3458447 pm /10.1017088=495pm fcc f=59954344621.06885 MHz 2 6.283 err=-1.02 Pb Z=82 (-1.34) N=3 L=10000.6916895 pm /20.2034176=495pm fcc f=29977172310.53442 MHz 22 Treffer,mit factor2: 4(1),0(2*),0(2/),1(3*),2(3/),3(5*),2(5/),1(7*),2(7/),bei Basis=2, Cx=2.4263102389E-12, Factor=6.2831853071795864769, c=299792458, genau=2%, mod=3, Suchwort=118L pm                                               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